The Accounting Cycle for Governmental Funds and Account Groups

Lessons in chapter V of Financial Reporting in Government
By Dr. John Sacco , George Mason University
Revised Saturday, April 12, 1997

Lesson 1, Background and Definitions

The big picture in governmental financial reporting is assessing financial performance, that is, how well the government is doing with the money entrusted to it. From the standpoint of making judgments about the performance of government funds and government finance, the financial reports, particularly the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR), are a good place to start. These reports can provide a considerable amount of the information for gauging financial compliance, success, and health.

Lesson 2, Simple Illustration of the Accounting Cycle

This first full example of the accounting cycle is designed to be relatively straightforward so that the basic cycle concepts can be described. Only one fund is covered and that is the general fund. Further, the general fund is assumed to be the only fund operated by this government. The dollar numbers are kept artificially small too.

Lesson 3, Multifund Illustration of the Accounting Cycle

This next example of the accounting cycle is designed to be more elaborate and thus more complex. Having just one fund as in the first illustration is peculiar to the smallest of governments.

Lesson 4, Complexities in the Accounting Cycle

Up to this point complexity associated with the accounting cycle has been added largely by attaching more funds to the cycle. However, individual transactions and events within the accounting cycle can get complex and involved. Several of these complexities are covered in this lesson.

Lesson 5, Lesson 5, Use of Computers in the Accounting Cycle

The use of computer processing is excellent for situations such as the accounting cycle where data are voluminous and clerical mistakes can easily be made. This lesson shows how computers and computer applications, in particular, accounting software packages, can be used to quickly and accurately handle the volumes of data in the accounting cycle.

See Also: the introduction , a pretest , a discussion , the study aides , a test , and your progress evaluation